@article{ref1,
title="Protection and vulnerability processes relevant for early onset of substance use: a test among African American children",
journal="Health psychology",
year="2000",
author="Wills, T. A. and Gibbons, F. X. and Gerrard, M. and Brody, G. H.",
volume="19",
number="3",
pages="253-263",
abstract="This research tested predictions from a self-regulation model of factors relevant for early onset of tobacco and alcohol use with a community sample of 889 African American children (mean age = 10.5 years). Criterion variables were peer substance use, willingness to use substances, and resistance efficacy (intention to refuse substance offers). Structural modeling indicated effects of temperament dimensions were mediated through self-control and risk-taking constructs, which were related to school involvement, life events, and perceived vulnerability to harmful effects of substances. Peer use was predicted by life events, poor self-control, and parent-child conflict; willingness was predicted by life events, risk taking, and (inversely) parental support; and resistance efficacy was predicted by perceived vulnerability and (inversely) poor self-control. Findings are discussed with reference to theoretical models of early protection and vulnerability processes.<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0278-6133",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}