@article{ref1,
title="Facial Movements Are Not Goosebumps: A Response to Chapman and Anderson",
journal="Emotion review",
year="2011",
author="Royzman, Edward and Kurzban, Robert",
volume="3",
number="3",
pages="274-275",
abstract="Aside from adducing little data that bear on our original concerns (pervasive &quot;audience effects&quot; in the encoding of identifiable &quot;disgust expressions&quot;/lack of  morally induced disgust versus moral disgust differentiation), Chapman and Anderson (2011) fail to muster a convincing body of evidence for the founding premise of their empirical endeavor--disgust is a bona fide &quot;basic emotion&quot; whose theoretically predicted FM pattern is a goosebump-like, metaphor-resistant readout capable of being effectively analyzed within the &quot;expression programs&quot; canon, leading us to reaffirm that our favored alternative, the &quot;moral disgust as a metaphor&quot; interpretation, is as consistent with all the pertinent data (including theirs), if not more so.<p />",
language="",
issn="1754-0739",
doi="10.1177/1754073911402402",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1754073911402402"
}