@article{ref1,
title="Symptoms of anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress among survivors of the 2005 Pakistani earthquake",
journal="Disaster medicine and public health preparedness",
year="2011",
author="Hashmi, Shahrukh and Petraro, Paul and Rizzo, Tara and Nawaz, Hafsa and Choudhary, Rabeea and Tessier-Sherman, Baylah and Kasl, Stanislav and Nawaz, Haq",
volume="5",
number="4",
pages="293-299",
abstract="Objectives:  To assess and compare the prevalence of psychological morbidity among survivors of the 2005 northern Pakistan earthquake from Azad Kashmir and the Northwest Frontier Province (NWFP). Methods:  We conducted a cross-sectional study among randomly sampled survivors (N = 361) of the earthquake living in camps at the time of the interview, approximately 6 months after the earthquake. Results:  The prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in the total sample was 51.5% and the prevalence of individuals who received positive scores on the Hopkins Symptom Checklist (HSCL) was 75%. The prevalence rates for anxiety and depression symptoms were 77.3% and 70.9%, respectively. The prevalence in Azad Kashmir was 57.9% for PTSD and 79.8% for positive HSCL, and NWFP had 41.3% PTSD and 67.4% positive HSCL. Study subjects from Azad Kashmir were approximately 2 times as likely to have PTSD or a positive HSCL when compared to subjects from NWFP (odds ratio 1.95, confidence interval 1.27-3.0; P = .0024) and (odds ratio 1.91, confidence interval 1.18-3.1; P = .0085), respectively. Conclusions:  Nearly half of the northern Pakistan earthquake survivors had symptoms of PTSD. Six months after the incident, more than three-fourths exhibited symptoms of an anxiety disorder.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1935-7893",
doi="10.1001/dmp.2011.81",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/dmp.2011.81"
}