@article{ref1,
title="The Relations among Maternal Depressive Disorder, Maternal Expressed Emotion, and Toddler Behavior Problems and Attachment",
journal="Journal of abnormal child psychology",
year="2012",
author="Gravener, Julie A. and Rogosch, Fred A. and Oshri, Assaf and Narayan, Angela J. and Cicchetti, Dante and Toth, Sheree L.",
volume="40",
number="5",
pages="803-813",
abstract="Direct and indirect relations among maternal depression, maternal Expressed Emotion (EE: Self- and Child-Criticism), child internalizing and externalizing symptoms, and child attachment were examined. Participants were mothers with depression (n = 130) and comparison mothers (n = 68) and their toddlers (M age = 20 mo.; 53% male). Assessments included the Diagnostic Interview Schedule (maternal depression); the Five Minute Speech Sample (EE); the Child Behavior Checklist (toddler behavior problems); the Strange Situation (child attachment). Direct relations were significant linking: 1) maternal depression with both EE and child functioning; 2) Child-Criticism with child internalizing and externalizing symptoms; 3) Self-Criticism with child attachment. Significant indirect relations were found linking maternal depression with: 1) child externalizing behaviors via Child-Criticism; 2) child internalizing behaviors via Self- and Child-Criticism; and 3) child attachment via Self-Criticism. Findings are consistent with a conceptual model in which maternal EE mediates relations between maternal depression and toddler socio-emotional functioning.<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0091-0627",
doi="10.1007/s10802-011-9598-z",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10802-011-9598-z"
}