@article{ref1,
title="Detection of Amitriptyline, Citalopram, and Metabolites in Porcine Bones Following Extended Outdoor Decomposition",
journal="Journal of forensic sciences",
year="2012",
author="Desrosiers, Nathalie A. and Watterson, James H. and Dean, Dorothy and Wyman, John F.",
volume="57",
number="2",
pages="544-549",
abstract="Skeletal remains of a domestic pig were assessed for relative distribution of amitriptyline, citalopram, and metabolites. Following acute exposure and outdoor decomposition for 2 years, drugs and metabolites were analyzed in 13 different bones. Bones were pulverized following a simple wash procedure, and drugs were extracted by passive incubation in methanol, followed by solid-phase extraction. Samples were analyzed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) and confirmed with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The Kruskall-Wallis test showed that bone type was a main effect with respect to drug level for all analytes, with levels varying from 33- to 166-fold. Ratios of levels of drug to that of the corresponding metabolite were less variable, varying roughly one- to eightfold. This suggests limitations in the interpretive value of drug measurements in bone and that relative levels of drug and metabolites should be further investigated in terms of forensic value.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0022-1198",
doi="10.1111/j.1556-4029.2011.01994.x",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1556-4029.2011.01994.x"
}