@article{ref1,
title="The Wrong Side(s) of the Tracks: The Causal Effects of Racial Segregation on Urban Poverty and Inequality",
journal="American economic journal: applied economics",
year="2011",
author="Ananat, Elizabeth Oltmans",
volume="3",
number="2",
pages="34-66",
abstract="A striking negative correlation exists between an area's residential racial segregation and its population characteristics, but it is recognized that this relationship may not be causal. I present a novel test of causality from segregation to population characteristics by exploiting the arrangements of railroad tracks in the nineteenth century to isolate plausibly exogenous variation in areas' susceptibility to segregation. I show that this variation satisfies the requirements for a valid instrument. Instrumental variables estimates demonstrate that segregation increases metropolitan rates of black poverty and overall black-white income disparities, while decreasing rates of white poverty and inequality within the white population. (JEL I32, J15, N31, N32, N91, N92, R23)<p />",
language="",
issn="1945-7782",
doi="10.1257/app.3.2.34",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/app.3.2.34"
}