@article{ref1,
title="Early Childhood Intervention and Life-Cycle Skill Development: Evidence from Head Start",
journal="American economic journal: applied economics",
year="2009",
author="Deming, David",
volume="1",
number="3",
pages="111-134",
abstract="This paper provides new evidence on the long-term benefits of Head Start using the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth. I compare siblings who differ in their participation in the program, controlling for a variety of pre-treatment covariates. I estimate that Head Start participants gain 0.23 standard deviations on a summary index of young adult outcomes. This closes one-third of the gap between children with median and bottom quartile family income, and is about 80 percent as large as model programs such as Perry Preschool. The long-term impact for disadvantaged children is large despite &quot;fadeout&quot; of test score gains. (JEL H52, J13, I28, I38)<p />",
language="",
issn="1945-7782",
doi="10.1257/app.1.3.111",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/app.1.3.111"
}