@article{ref1,
title="Snake venomics of Crotalus tigris: the minimalist toxin arsenal of the deadliest neartic rattlesnake venom. Evolutionary clues for generating a pan-specific antivenom against crotalid type II venoms",
journal="Journal of proteome research",
year="2012",
author="Calvete, Juan J. and Pérez, Alicia and Lomonte, Bruno and Sánchez, Elda Eliza and Sanz, Libia",
volume="11",
number="2",
pages="1382-1390",
abstract="We report the proteomic and antivenomic characterization of <i>Crotalus tigris</i> venom. This venom exhibits the highest lethality for mice among rattlesnakes and the simplest toxin proteome reported to date. The venom proteome of <i>C. tigris</i> comprises 7-8 gene products from 6 toxin families: the presynaptic β-neurotoxic heterodimeric PLA<sub>2</sub>, Mojave toxin, and two serine proteinases comprise, respectively, 66% and 27% of the <i>C. tigris</i> toxin arsenal, whereas a VEGF-like protein, a CRISP molecule, a medium-sized disintegrin, and 1-2 PIII-SVMPs, each represents 0.1-5% of the total venom proteome. This toxin profile really explains the systemic neuro- and myotoxic effects observed in envenomated animals. In addition, we found that venom lethality of <i>C. tigris</i> and other North American rattlesnake type II venoms correlates with the concentration of Mojave toxin A-subunit, supporting the view that the neurotoxic venom phenotype of crotalid type II venoms may be described as a single-allele adaptation. Our datas suggest that the evolutionary trend towards neurotoxicity, which has been also reported for the South American rattlesnakes, may have resulted by paedomorphism. The ability of an experimental antivenom to effectively immunodeplete proteins from the type II venoms of <i>C. tigris</i>, <i>C. horridus</i>, <i>C. oreganus helleri</i>, <i>C. scutulatus scutulatus</i>, and <i>S. catenatus catenatus</i>, indicated the feasibility of generating a pan-American anti-<i>Crotalus</i> type II antivenom, suggested by the identification of shared evolutionary trends among South American and North American <i>Crotalus</i>.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1535-3893",
doi="10.1021/pr201021d",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/pr201021d"
}