@article{ref1,
title="Gharasouran, pioneers of road police in Iran",
journal="Traffic management studies",
year="2010",
author="Rafiei, H.",
volume="5",
number="18",
pages="43-70",
abstract="The importance of road and road safety is already known to everybody. In the course of history, many organizations were engaged in road and road safety in Iran, with &quot;Gharasouran&quot; being one of them. The word &quot;Gharasouran&quot; is a Turkish term, meaning &quot;moving darkness&quot;, which was used to refer to people who were engaged in keeping roads safe. The first mention of &quot;Gharasouran&quot; goes back to the period of King Sultan Hosein, from Safavid dynasty. However, &quot;Gharasouran&quot; seems to have existed for many centuries before.   &quot;Gharasouran&quot; could be called the highway police of the time, since they enforced laws and regulations of roads. After Amir Kabir died a martyr and insecurity spread throughout the country, it sounded indispensable to recreate &quot;Gharasouran&quot;. So, Iranian National Parliament ratified to found it again in 1286. During Mohammad Ali Shah's coup, &quot;Gharasouran&quot; stopped working and new organizations took the responsibility of road safety.<p />",
language="",
issn="4005-2008",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}