@article{ref1,
title="Analysis of background factors in marine accidents and incidents caused by watch-keeper drowsiness",
journal="Journal of Japan Institute of Navigation",
year="2011",
author="Urushidani, Shinuke and Sano, Yuji and Kikuchi, Toshiki and Terasawa, Tohikazu",
volume="",
number="124",
pages="227-232",
abstract="The proportion of accidents that caused by dozing watch-keepers in all ship accidents are about 10%. The purpose of this study is to perform a feature extraction of sleep and lifecycle characteristics of watch-keepers involved in marine accidents and incidents. A questionnaire that included attributes of the watch-keeper, amount of sleeping hours, problems related to sleep, fatigue, near miss incidents (hiyari-hatto incidents), and the Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS) was administered to a sample of 7,750 watch-keepers (collection rate: 21.3%). The analysis of cargo ships and tankers revealed there was a notable relationship between the situation of &quot;frequency of sleep per 1 day&quot; due to shift of watch and the influence of each &quot;sleep delay&quot;, &quot;frequency of interrupted sleep&quot; and &quot;early morning sleeplessness&quot;. Consequentially, these factors were related to of &quot;frequency of near miss incidents&quot;. These results suggested that watch-keepers each ship have problems related to sleep due to sleep and lifecycle characteristics.  Language: ja<p />",
language="",
issn="0388-7405",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}