@article{ref1,
title="Self-reported Life Satisfaction and Alcohol use: A 15-year follow-up of Healthy Adult Twins",
journal="Alcohol and alcoholism",
year="2012",
author="Koivumaa-Honkanen, H. and Kaprio, Jaakko A. and Korhonen, T. and Honkanen, R. J. and Heikkilä, K. and Koskenvuo, Karoliina",
volume="47",
number="2",
pages="160-168",
abstract="AIMS: To study the bidirectional relationships between life satisfaction (LS) and alcohol use. METHODS: Health questionnaires were administered in 1975, 1981 and 1990 to a population-based sample of healthy Finnish twins aged 18-45 at baseline (n = 14,083). These included a LS scale and three indicators for adverse alcohol use: binge drinking, passing out and high consumption (women/men ≥400/800 g/month). In longitudinal analyses, logistic regression, pair-wise case-control analyses and growth models were applied. RESULTS: All alcohol indicators increased the age-adjusted risk of becoming dissatisfied regardless of study period [binge drinking odds ratio (OR)(1975-1990 )= 1.29; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.12-1.50; high consumption OR(1975-1990 )= 1.60; 1.29-1.99 and passing out OR(1981-1990 )= 2.01; 1.57-2.57]. Also, the dissatisfied had an increased subsequent risk for adverse alcohol use. The risk for passing out due to drinking (OR(1975-1990 )= 1.50; 1.22-1.86) was increased regardless of study period, while high consumption (OR(1975-1981 )= 1.97; 1.40-2.77; OR(1981-1990 )= 2.48; 1.50-4.12) and binge drinking (OR(1975-1981 )= 1.37; 1.12-1.67) showed some variation by the study period. Predictions remained after multiple adjustments. Longitudinally, high consumption predicted dissatisfaction somewhat more strongly than vice versa. The change/levels within the whole range of LS and alcohol consumption were only slightly associated in the entire study population. CONCLUSION: Life dissatisfaction and adverse alcohol use reciprocally predict each other prospectively. The heavier the alcohol use the stronger the relationship.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0735-0414",
doi="10.1093/alcalc/agr151",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/alcalc/agr151"
}