@article{ref1,
title="Sleep and sleepiness during an ultra long-range flight operation between the Middle East and United States",
journal="Accident analysis and prevention",
year="2012",
author="Holmes, Alexandra L. and Al-Bayat, Soha and Hilditch, Cassie and Bourgeois-Bougrine, Samira",
volume="45S",
number="",
pages="S27-S31",
abstract="This study provides a practical example of fatigue risk management in aviation. The sleep and sleepiness of 44 pilots (11 trips×4 pilot crew) working an ultra long-range (ULR; flight time >16h) round-trip operation between Doha and Houston was assessed. Sleep was assessed using activity monitors and self-reported sleep diaries. Mean Karolinska Sleepiness Scores (KSS) for climb and descent did not exceed 5 (&quot;neither alert nor sleepy&quot;). Mean daily sleep duration was maintained above 6.3h throughout the operation. During in-flight rest periods, 98% of pilots obtained sleep and sleepiness was subsequently reduced. On layover (49.5h) crew were advised to sleep on Doha or Universal Co-ordinated Time (UTC), but 64% slept during the local (social) night time. Pilots originating from regions with a siesta culture were more likely to nap and made particularly effective use of their daytime in-flight rest periods. The results indicate that the operation is well designed from a fatigue management perspective.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0001-4575",
doi="10.1016/j.aap.2011.09.021",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2011.09.021"
}