@article{ref1,
title="Energy Drink Use and Adverse Effects Among Emergency Department Patients",
journal="Journal of community health",
year="2012",
author="Nordt, Sean Patrick and Vilke, Gary M. and Clark, Richard F. and Lee Cantrell, F. and Chan, Theodore C. and Galinato, Melissa and Nguyen, Vincent and Castillo, Edward M.",
volume="37",
number="5",
pages="976-981",
abstract="Energy drink usage is common and contains caffeine or other stimulants. We evaluated demographics, prevalence, reasons and adverse effects with consuming energy beverages. Cross-sectional study of a convenience sample of patients recruited from two San Diego Emergency Departments from January to December 2009. One-thousand-two-hundred-ninety-eight subjects participated of which 52.6% were male. Ethnicity: Caucasian 48.3%, African American 17%, Hispanic 18%, Other 16.7%. Age ranges: 18-29 years (38.4%), 30-54 years (49.6%) and greater than 55 years (12%). Reasons for use: 57% to &quot;increase energy&quot;, 9.5% for studying/work projects, 2.4% while prolonged driving, improve sports performance 2%, with ethanol 6.3%, &quot;other&quot; reasons 22.1%. Adverse reactions reported by 33.5% (429) patients. Two-hundred-eighty report feeling &quot;shaky/jittery&quot;, insomnia 136, palpitations 150, gastrointestinal upset 82, headache 68, chest pain 39, and seizures in 6. Eighty-five patients reported co-ingestion with illicit &quot;stimulants&quot; including cocaine and methamphetamine. We identified one-third of patients reported at least one adverse effect. Whilst most were not severe, a small number were serious e.g., seizures. In addition, some report purposely ingesting with illicit drugs.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0094-5145",
doi="10.1007/s10900-012-9549-9",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10900-012-9549-9"
}