@article{ref1,
title="Assessing long-term effects of trauma: diagnosing symptoms of avoidance and numbing",
journal="American journal of psychiatry",
year="1999",
author="Honig, R. G. and Grace, M. C. and Lindy, J. D. and Newman, C. J. and Titchener, J. L.",
volume="156",
number="3",
pages="483-485",
abstract="OBJECTIVE: This study compared the discovery of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms by means of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R (SCID) with a semistructured, psychodynamic clinical interview in a long-term follow-up of the survivors of the Buffalo Creek (W.Va.) flood. METHOD: Videotaped semistructured, psychodynamic clinical interviews of a small group of survivors (N=6) were compared with the results obtained in a prior group-level SCID investigation. RESULTS: Seventy-two percent of the total PTSD symptoms for the subjects studied were elicited exclusively by the psychodynamic clinical interview. PTSD cluster C symptoms of avoidance and numbing of general responsiveness were especially sensitive to discovery by this method. CONCLUSIONS: The psychodynamic clinical interview should be included in the design of studies that seek to investigate long-term effects of trauma, which are especially likely to be manifest in negative symptoms and subtle character change.<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0002-953X",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}