@article{ref1,
title="Women's fears and men's anxieties: the impact of family planning on gender relations in northern Ghana",
journal="Studies in family planning",
year="1999",
author="Bawah, A. A. and Akweongo, P. and Simmons, R. and Phillips, J. F.",
volume="30",
number="1",
pages="54-66",
abstract="The perspectives of older and younger men and women and village leaders concerning the impact of family planning on gender relations were distilled from a series of 36 focus group discussions held during 1994-96 in conjunction with the launching of the Navrongo experiment in northern Ghana. The primary aim of the focus groups was to monitor the community's reaction to the introduction of family planning and health services and provide feedback to project managers. Focus group participants made clear that, although contraception can reconcile a husband's sexual desire with the wife's desire to space births, it also generates marital discord, wife beating, and opposition from members of the extended family. Violence against women was considered justified by 51% of female and 43% of male respondents if the wife used a contraceptive method without the husband's knowledge. Women feared that their husband's disapproval of family planning could lead to withholding of affection or sex or even divorce. In the traditional local society, payment of bridewealth in cows and sheep signifies the wife's obligation to bear children. Some men worry that their wives might be unfaithful if they used contraception or that contraceptive use might create conflict among multiple wives. The possibility that women may act independently is regarded as a threat to the strong patriarchal tradition. The Navrongo project has attempted to respond to community concerns by acting through existing local institutions whenever possible while still supporting women and their autonomy.<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0039-3665",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}