@article{ref1,
title="The complementarity of teen smoking and drinking",
journal="Journal of health economics",
year="1999",
author="Dee, T. S.",
volume="18",
number="6",
pages="769-793",
abstract="Teen drinkers are over twice as likely as abstainers to smoke cigarettes. This empirical study provides evidence of a robust complementarity between these health behaviors by exploiting the &quot;cross-price&quot; effects. The results indicate that the movement away from minimum legal drinking ages of 18 reduced teen smoking participation by 3 to 5%. The corresponding instrumental variable estimates suggest that teen drinking roughly doubles the mean probability of smoking participation. Similarly, higher cigarette taxes and reductions in teen smoking are associated with a lower prevalence of teen drinking. However, the results which rely on cigarette taxes for identification are estimated imprecisely.<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0167-6296",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}