@article{ref1,
title="Somatic panic-attack equivalents in a community sample of Rwandan widows who survived the 1994 genocide",
journal="Psychiatry research",
year="2003",
author="Hagengimana, Athanase and Hinton, Devon and Bird, Bruce and Pollack, Mark and Pitman, Roger K.",
volume="117",
number="1",
pages="1-9",
abstract="The present study is the first to attempt to determine rates of panic attacks, especially 'somatically focused' panic attacks, panic disorder, symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and depression levels in a population of Rwandans traumatized by the 1994 genocide. The following measures were utilized: the Rwandan Panic-Disorder Survey (RPDS); the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI); the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire (HTQ); and the PTSD Checklist (PCL). Forty of 100 Rwandan widows suffered somatically focused panic attacks during the previous 4 weeks. Thirty-five (87%) of those having panic attacks suffered panic disorder, making the rate of panic disorder for the entire sample 35%. Rwandan widows with panic attacks had greater psychopathology on all measures. Somatically focused panic-attack subtypes seem to constitute a key response to trauma in the Rwandan population. Future studies of traumatized non-Western populations should carefully assess not only somatoform disorder but also somatically focused panic attacks.<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0165-1781",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}