@article{ref1,
title="Cerebrospinal Fluid Substance P-Like Immunoreactivity Correlates with Aggression in Personality Disordered Subjects",
journal="Biological psychiatry",
year="2012",
author="Coccaro, Emil F. and Lee, Royce and Owens, Michael J. and Kinkead, Becky and Nemeroff, Charles B.",
volume="72",
number="3",
pages="238-243",
abstract="BACKGROUND: Neurochemical studies have pointed to a modulatory role in human aggression for a variety of central neurotransmitters; some seem to play an inhibitory role, whereas others seem to play a facilitory role in the modulation of aggression. Laboratory animal studies of substance P suggest a facilitory role for this undecapeptide in the modulation of aggression, but no studies of substance P have yet been reported with regard to human aggression. METHODS: Basal lumbar cerebrospinal fluid samples were obtained from 38 physically healthy subjects with personality disorder (PD) and substance P-like immunoreactivity was measured and correlated with measures of aggression and impulsivity. RESULTS: The cerebrospinal fluid substance P-like immunoreactivity levels were directly correlated with a composite measure of aggression and, more specifically, with Buss-Durkee Aggression. No correlation was seen with any measure of impulsivity or of general dimensions of personality. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest a direct relationship between central nervous system substance P containing neural circuits and aggression in human subjects. This finding adds to the complex picture of the central neuromodulatory role of impulsive aggression in human subjects.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0006-3223",
doi="10.1016/j.biopsych.2012.02.023",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2012.02.023"
}