@article{ref1,
title="Study protocol for prevention of falls: A randomized controlled trial of effects of vitamin D and exercise on falls prevention",
journal="BMC geriatrics",
year="2012",
author="Uusi-Rasi, Kirsti and Kannus, Pekka and Karinkanta, Saija and Pasanen, Matti and Patil, Radhika and Lamberg-Allardt, Christel and Sievänen, Harri",
volume="12",
number="1",
pages="12-12",
abstract="BACKGROUND: Falls are the leading cause of unintentional injury and injury-related death among older people. In addition to physical activity, vitamin D also may affect balance and neuromuscular function. Low serum 25-hydroksivitamin D level increases the risk of bone loss, falls and fractures. Thus, an appropriate exercise program and sufficient vitamin D intake may significantly improve not only functional balance, but also balance confidence. Balance represents a complex motor skill determined by reaction time, muscle strength, and speed and coordination of movement. METHODS: A 2-year randomized double-blind placebo-controlled vitamin D and open exercise trial of 409 home-dwelling women 70 to 80 years of age comprising four study arms: 1) exercise + vitamin D (800 IU/d), 2) exercise + placebo, 3) no exercise + vitamin D (800 IU/d), 4) no exercise + placebo. In addition to monthly fall diaries, general health status, life style, bone health, physical functioning, and vitamin D metabolism will be assessed. The primary outcomes are the rate of falls and fall-related injuries. Secondary outcomes include changes in neuromuscular functioning (e.g. body balance, muscle strength), ADL- and mobility functions, bone density and structure, cardiovascular risk factors, quality of life and fear of falling. DISCUSSION: The successful completion of this trial will provide evidence on the effectiveness of exercise and vitamin D for falls reduction. Trial Registration ClinicalTrial.gov -register (NCT00986466).<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1471-2318",
doi="10.1186/1471-2318-12-12",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2318-12-12"
}