@article{ref1,
title="The structure of personality disorders in individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder",
journal="Personality disorders",
year="2011",
author="Wolf, Erika J. and Miller, Mark W. and Brown, Timothy A.",
volume="2",
number="4",
pages="261-278",
abstract="Research on the structure of personality disorders (PDs) has relied primarily on exploratory analyses to evaluate trait-based models of the factors underlying the covariation of these disorders. This study used confirmatory factor analysis to evaluate whether a model that included both PD traits and a general personality dysfunction factor would account for the comorbidity of the PDs better than a trait-only model. It also examined if the internalizing/externalizing model of psychopathology, developed previously through research on the structure of Axis I disorders, might similarly account for the covariation of the Axis II disorders in a sample of 245 veterans and nonveterans with posttraumatic stress disorder. Results indicated that the best fitting model was a modified bifactor structure composed of nine lower-order common factors. These factors indexed pathology ranging from aggression to dependency, with the correlations among them accounted for by higher-order Internalizing and Externalizing factors. Further, a general factor, reflecting a construct that we termed boundary disturbance, accounted for additional variance and covariance across nearly all the indicators. The Internalizing, Externalizing, and Boundary Disturbance factors evidenced differential associations with trauma-related covariates. These findings suggest continuity in the underlying structure of psychopathology across DSM-IV Axes I and II and provide empirical evidence of a pervasive, core disturbance in the boundary between self and other across the PDs. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved).<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1949-2715",
doi="10.1037/a0023168",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0023168"
}