@article{ref1,
title="Automated speed enforcement: what the French experience can teach us",
journal="Journal of transportation safety and security",
year="2011",
author="Carnis, Laurent",
volume="3",
number="1",
pages="15-26",
abstract="The French authorities installed the country's first speed cameras in November 2003. More than 2,600 devices are in operation throughout the road and highway network in 2010. France has seen a significant decrease in the number of fatalities and injuries since the implementation of this speed enforcement program. The French system functions differently and has its own special characteristics when it is compared with other speed enforcement programs. An empirical analysis of this program can yield new findings regarding the enforcement mechanism and could open up new avenues for traffic safety policy. The first section shows how the French program was implemented and how it is operated. The second section offers a detailed investigation into the deterrent effect and punishment policy, followed by the French government. The final section focuses on the political consequences of implementation. This contribution highlights the insights the French automatic speed enforcement programme can yield for other countries.<p />",
language="",
issn="1943-9962",
doi="10.1080/19439962.2010.551450",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19439962.2010.551450"
}