@article{ref1,
title="Stress induced spontaneous recurrence of methamphetamine psychosis: the relation between stressful experiences and sensitivity to stress",
journal="Drug and alcohol dependence",
year="2000",
author="Yui, K. and Goto, K. and Ikemoto, S. and Ishiguro, T.",
volume="58",
number="1-2",
pages="67-75",
abstract="We examined increased sensitivity to stress in relation to spontaneous recurrences of methamphetamine (MAP) psychosis (i.e., flashbacks). Plasma monoamine metabolite levels were assayed in: 26 flashbackers, of whom 11 were on neuroleptics before and during the study, and the other 15 received neuroleptics in the course of the study; 18 non-flashbackers with a history of MAP psychosis; eight subjects with persistent MAP psychosis; and 23 MAP user and 11 non-user controls. The 26 flashbackers had experienced stressful events and/or MAP-induced fear-related psychotic symptoms during previous MAP use. Mild psychosocial stressors then triggered flashbacks. During flashbacks plasma norepinephrine levels increased markedly; among the flashbackers, those with a history of stressful events, whether or not they had experienced fear-related symptoms, showed a further increase in 3-methoxytyramine levels. Stressful experiences, together with MAP use, may therefore induce sensitization to stress associated with noradrenergic hyperactivity, involving increased dopamine release, and so triggering flashbacks.<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0376-8716",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}