@article{ref1,
title="Endophthalmitis after deadly-weapon-related open-globe injuries: risk factors, value of prophylactic antibiotics, and visual outcomes",
journal="American journal of ophthalmology",
year="2002",
author="Sabaci, Güngör and Bayer, Atilla and Mutlu, F. Mehmet and Karagul, Suat and Yildirim, Erol",
volume="133",
number="1",
pages="62-69",
abstract="PURPOSE: To identify clinical and microbiologic factors influencing the prevalence and visual outcomes in endophthalmitis after deadly-weapon-related open-globe injuries. METHODS: In a retrospective study of 228 eyes of 212 patients with deadly-weapon-related open-globe injuries, clinical and microbiologic factors influencing the prevalence and visual outcome in endophthalmitis were analyzed in detail. RESULTS: Twenty-nine eyes enucleated for irreparable damages at presentation were excluded. Nineteen eyes (18 patients) of 199 (186 patients) were associated with culture-proven endophthalmitis. Presence of grade 4 injury, a variable of Ocular Trauma Classification System, and lens disruption at presentation were the significant risk factors for development of endophthalmitis (P =.001; odds ratio = 15.9 [2.0 to 122.1]), and ([P <.001; odds ratio = 17.7 [2.3 to 136.3]), respectively. Favorable outcome (visual acuity of 5/200 or better) was achieved in only four eyes (21%). Five eyes (26.3%) were phthisical, and five eyes (26.3%) were enucleated or eviscerated. All eyes were under the coverage of prophylactic intravenous antibiotics when culture positivity was obtained. Except two eyes with Acinetobactersp., all were infected by gram-positive micro-organisms (89.5%), the most common of which (42%) was Staphylococcus epidermidis. None of the clinical characteristics and treatment modalities affected final visual outcome. Favorable outcome was associated with infection by the less virulent micro-organism S. epidermidis (P =.018; odds ratio = 0.50 [0.25 to 1.00]). CONCLUSIONS: Endophthalmitis after deadly-weapon-related open-globe injuries has a dismal visual prognosis. Severity of injury and lens disruption are significant risk factors for development of endophthalmitis. Infection with a less virulent microbe is the only factor associated with favorable outcome.<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0002-9394",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}