@article{ref1,
title="Disaster-related psychiatric disorders among survivors of flooding in Ladakh, India",
journal="International journal of social psychiatry",
year="2013",
author="Ishikawa, Motonao and Yamamoto, Naomune and Yamanaka, Gaku and Suwa, Kuniaki and Nakajima, Shun and Hozo, Reiko and Norboo, Tsering and Okumiya, Kiyohito and Matsubayashi, Kozo and Otsuka, Kuniaki",
volume="59",
number="5",
pages="468-473",
abstract="BACKGROUND: Heavy rainfall in northern India in August 2010 caused flash floods, seriously damaging homes and infrastructure. There have been no major disasters in the history of Ladakh, and no surveys on post-disaster psychiatric disorders have been conducted in this area. AIMS: and methods: To examine the impact of this disaster in Ladakh one month post-disaster, we visited Choglamsar, located near the town of Leh, where the flood had the most severe impact. In total, 318 survivors (mean age: 58.6 years; female-male ratio: 59.7%; Tibetan refugees: 86.2%) participated in the survey. We used the two-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-2) along with questions covering background characteristics and disaster exposure. A psychiatrist interviewed the survivors with a single or double positive score in the PHQ-2 or with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. RESULTS: and conclusion: There were only two PTSD cases and five of major depressive disorders. PTSD and depression were less common in the Tibetan cultural areas than in other areas. The social background and temperamental characteristics of the Tibetan culture may play a suppressive role in psychiatric disorders.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0020-7640",
doi="10.1177/0020764012440677",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020764012440677"
}