@article{ref1,
title="Gender differences in acute pesticide-related illnesses and injuries among farmworkers in the United States, 1998-2007",
journal="American journal of industrial medicine",
year="2012",
author="Kasner, Edward J. and Keralis, Jessica M. and Mehler, Louise and Beckman, John and Bonnar-Prado, Joanne and Lee, Soo-Jeong and Diebolt-Brown, Brienne and Mulay, Prakash and Lackovic, Michelle and Waltz, Justin and Schwartz, Abby and Mitchell, Yvette and Moraga-McHaley, Stephanie and Roisman, Rachel and Gergely, Rita and Calvert, Geoffrey M.",
volume="55",
number="7",
pages="571-583",
abstract="BACKGROUND: Farmworkers have a high risk for acute pesticide-related illness and injury, and the rate among female farmworkers is approximately twice as high as that among males. Surveillance data were used to identify reasons for this gender difference. METHODS: We identified acute pesticide-related illness and injury cases among farmworkers from the Sentinel Event Notification System for Occupational Risks (SENSOR)-Pesticides Program and the California Department of Pesticide Regulation. Gender-specific associations with acute pesticide-related illness and injury were assessed using chi-square tests. National Agricultural Workers Survey data were also examined. RESULTS: The over-representation of females among farmworker illness and injury cases was confined to females who did not handle pesticides (non-handlers). Female non-handler farmworkers who were affected were more likely to be working on fruit and nut crops, to be exposed to off-target pesticide drift, and to be exposed to fungicides and fumigants compared to males. CONCLUSIONS: Although there is an increased risk for acute pesticide-related illness and injury among female farmworkers, the absolute number of farmworkers with acute pesticide-related illness and injury is far higher among males than females. Furthermore, farmworkers have little or no control over many of the identified contributing factors that led to illness and injury. Stringent enforcement of existing regulations and enhanced regulatory efforts to protect against off-target drift exposures may have the highest impact in reducing acute pesticide-related illness and injury among farmworkers. Am. J. Ind. Med. Published 2012. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0271-3586",
doi="10.1002/ajim.22052",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajim.22052"
}