@article{ref1, title="Determining the Difference of Aggression in Male & Female, Athlete and Non-Athlete students", journal="Procedia - social and behavioral sciences", year="2011", author="Rahimizadeh, Meysam and Arabnarmi, Batoul and Mizany, Mehran and Shahbazi, Mehdi and bidgoli, Zahra Kaviri", volume="30", number="", pages="2264-2267", abstract="The basic question in this research was that, whether participation in sport & competitions reduce aggression or not. 697 guidance school students in Kashmar city (including 4 groups of Male Athlete (MA), Male Non-Athlete (MN), Female Athlete (FA), Female Non-Athlete (FN)) was selected as statistical sample and examined by aggression questionnaire (AGQ) with 3 subfactors of invasion, violence and stubborn. Mean and standard deviation of aggression in MA, MN, FA, and FM groups was 2.76 ± 0.58, 2.19 ± 0.26, 2.53 ± 0.45 and 2.56 ± 0.37 by sequence. Also Means and standard deviations of 3 sub-factors of aggression in 4 groups were got. Data analysis illustrated significant differences in aggression between athlete and non-athlete students. Results showed that there wasn't significant difference between male and female students in aggression (P = 0.433) but differences between males and females in 3 sub-factors of invasion, violence and stubborn were significant (P < 0.001, P < 0.001 and P = 0.002 by sequence). Finally, the interactive effect of sportsmanship and gender were effective on aggression and to sub-factors of invasion and violence (P < 0.001, P < 0.001 and P = 0.003 by sequence).

", language="", issn="1877-0428", doi="10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.10.442", url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.10.442" }