@article{ref1,
title="Does self-efficacy mediate transfer effects in the learning of easy and difficult motor skills?",
journal="Consciousness and cognition",
year="2012",
author="Stevens, David and Anderson, David I. and O'Dwyer, Nicholas J. and Mark Williams, A.",
volume="21",
number="3",
pages="1122-1128",
abstract="The effect of task difficulty on inter-task transfer is a classic issue in motor learning. We examined the relation between self-efficacy and transfer of learning after practicing different versions of a stick balancing task. Practicing the same task or an easier version led to significant pre- to post-test transfer of learning, whereas practicing a more difficult version did not. Self-efficacy increased modestly from pre- to post-test with easy practice, but decreased significantly with difficult practice. In addition, self-efficacy immediately prior to the post-test was significantly lower after difficult practice than easy or intermediate practice. Self-efficacy immediately prior to the post-test, performance at the end of practice, and pre-test performance explained 75% of the variance in post-test performance. The mediating role of self-efficacy on transfer of learning offers an alternative explanation for recent findings on the superiority of easy-to-difficult transfer and may help clarify inconsistencies in earlier research.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1053-8100",
doi="10.1016/j.concog.2012.03.014",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2012.03.014"
}