@article{ref1,
title="Multidimensional assessment of emotional and behavioral adjustment problems of low-income preschool children: development and initial validation",
journal="Early childhood research quarterly",
year="2002",
author="Lutz, Megan Noone and Fantuzzo, John W. and McDermott, Paul",
volume="17",
number="3",
pages="338-355",
abstract="The Adjustment Scales for Preschool Intervention (ASPI) was developed and tested for use in preschool programs serving low-income children. The ASPI is a measure of emotional and behavioral adjustment problems observed within routine classroom situations. Principal components analyses revealed five reliable behavioral dimensions: Aggressive, Withdrawn-Low Energy, Socially Reticent, Oppositional, and Inattentive/Hyperactive and two higher-order dimensions: Overactive and Underactive problem behaviors. Concurrent criterion validity of these dimensions was supported by multivariate indicators of peer social competence and classroom behavior problems. Age and gender analyses indicated that boys showed higher levels of overactive behavior than girls and that younger preschool children evidenced more underactive and inattentive behavior than older preschool children. Situational analyses indicated that situations requiring more initiation and self-regulation were associated with more problematic behaviors.<p />",
language="",
issn="0885-2006",
doi="10.1016/S0885-2006(02)00168-0",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0885-2006(02)00168-0"
}