@article{ref1,
title="Validation of a multidimensional assessment of parenting styles for low-income African-American families with preschool children",
journal="Early childhood research quarterly",
year="2002",
author="Coolahan, Kathleen Coyle and McWayne, Christine and Fantuzzo, John W. and Grim, Suzanne",
volume="17",
number="3",
pages="356-373",
abstract="This study examined the construct and concurrent validity of the Parenting Behavior Questionnaire-Head Start (PBQ-HS), a modification of the PBQ (Hart, Nelson, Robinson, Olsen, &amp; McNeilly-Choque, 1998), with low-income African-American families with preschoolers. The study also investigated whether parenting styles differed by caregiver characteristics. The sample included 465 primary caregivers of urban Head Start children. Factor analyses yielded Active-Responsive, Active-Restrictive, and Passive-Permissive parenting dimensions. Concurrent validity data on Limit-Setting, Warmth, and Directiveness revealed similarities between the Active-Responsive and Active-Restrictive dimensions and Baumrind's authoritative and authoritarian dimensions, respectively. The Passive-Permissive dimension and Baumrind's permissive style differed. Low education levels and single parenthood were associated with Active-Restrictive and Passive-Permissive parenting. Implications for research and practice are discussed.<p />",
language="",
issn="0885-2006",
doi="10.1016/S0885-2006(02)00169-2",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0885-2006(02)00169-2"
}