@article{ref1,
title="New formula for upper bound of probability of failure",
journal="Reliability engineering",
year="1983",
author="Ichikawa, M.",
volume="5",
number="3",
pages="173-180",
abstract="The relation between the probability of failure Pf and the conventional central factor of safety nc (= R/S) is re-examined using a non-parametric (distribution-free) approach, where R and S are the means of strength R and stress S, respectively. Applying Bienayme-Chebyshev and Camp-Meidell inequalities to the distributions of R -- S and ln R -- ln S instead of the distribution of R/S, new formulae are derived which provide the upper bound of Pf for a given value of nc as well as the upper bound of nc required to suppress Pf below a specified allowable value. The upper bounds of Pf and nc determined by the new formulae are considerably smaller than the hitherto known upper bounds.<p />",
language="",
issn="0143-8174",
doi="10.1016/0143-8174(83)90012-4",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0143-8174(83)90012-4"
}