@article{ref1,
title="Damage accumulation in structures",
journal="Reliability engineering",
year="1987",
author="Parkhouse, J.G.",
volume="17",
number="2",
pages="97-109",
abstract="Four types of defect are described, and the hierarchical nature of shape, form and material is explored. Defects and failure are also shown to be hierarchical, and a structure's damage is defined as the sum of its defects. The concept of material toughness is linked to structural redundancy. Damage is described in two ways: geometrically and materially, the latter describing performance loss quantitatively. The paper concludes with a simple numerical example of how damage affects reliability.<p />",
language="",
issn="0143-8174",
doi="10.1016/0143-8174(87)90009-6",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0143-8174(87)90009-6"
}