@article{ref1,
title="E-bikes and urban transportation: emerging issues and unresolved questions",
journal="Transportation",
year="2012",
author="Rose, Geoffrey",
volume="39",
number="1",
pages="81-96",
abstract="A range of factors, including improvements in battery and motor technology coupled with innovative industrial design, are contributing to the emergence of electric bicycles (E-bikes) with greater range and enhanced performance. This paper examines this emerging vehicle type within the context of sustainable transport. Mobility, safety and environmental impacts are considered. While governments could employ a range of policy instruments to respond to the opportunities and threats presented by these vehicles, the primary focus internationally is on vehicle standards. A review of regulations in different countries highlights little consistency in the parameters used to regulate E-bikes. Unresolved issues are identified to guide future research on this vehicle type.<p />",
language="",
issn="0049-4488",
doi="10.1007/s11116-011-9328-y",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11116-011-9328-y"
}