@article{ref1,
title="Not All Quiet on the Middle Eastern Fronts",
journal="Contributions to conflict management, peace economics and development",
year="2011",
author="Attar, Riad A.",
volume="18",
number="",
pages="213-242",
abstract="In this chapter, I explain the key trends in defense spending and arms procurement in the Middle East and test whether those trends were subject to Louis F. Richardson's action-reaction model. I assessed the &quot;guns-versus-butter&quot; trade-off and the future prospects for peace in the region in light of these trends. I explained the danger of transferring weapons knowledge and technology to non-state actors in the Middle East. I investigate the trend in defense spending based on Richardson's action-reaction model by considering rival pairs in each subregion: Algeria-Morocco in North Africa; Egypt-Israel, Jordan-Israel, and Syria-Israel in the frontline states; United Arab Emirates-Iran in the Arab-Persian Gulf; and Pakistan-India in the Indian subcontinent. I used ordinary least squares (OLS) method in testing those dyads. I used military expenditure data from the SIPRI Yearbook: World Armament and Disarmament published annually by the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute. I conclude the study with policy implications and recommendations for achieving permanent peace in the region.<p />",
language="",
issn="1572-8323",
doi="10.1108/S1572-8323(2011)0000018012",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/S1572-8323(2011)0000018012"
}