@article{ref1,
title="Differences in health care costs and utilization among adults with selected lifestyle-related risk factors",
journal="American journal of health promotion",
year="2002",
author="Tucker, Larry A. and Clegg, Alan G.",
volume="16",
number="4",
pages="225-233",
abstract="PURPOSE: This study examined the relationship between lifestyle-related health risks and health care costs and utilization in adults. DESIGN: A 2-year prospective study with no intervention was used to compare health care utilization and costs in employees with different levels of health risks. SETTING: Data were collected at a primarily white-collar worksite during 1994 and 1995. SUBJECTS: Subjects included 982 employees and spouses, mean age 32.1 +/- 10.1 years. MEASURES: Employee medical claims obtained from a third-party administrator were analyzed with respect to health care expenses and utilization. Exercise habits, stress, and overall wellness were assessed by self-report and obesity by the body mass index (BMI). Regression, regression with outliers removed, and odds ratios were used to analyze the associations. RESULTS: Employees who were at high risk for overall wellness (2.4 times), stress (1.9 times), and obesity (1.7 times) were more likely to have high health care costs (> $5,000) than subjects not at high risk. Mean total medical costs also were greater for high-risk subjects compared to lower risk subjects for overall wellness (difference = $1,973; F = 10.65, p = .001), stress (difference = $1,137; F = 7.35, p = .007), and obesity (difference = $1,092; F = 9.09, p = .003). The exercise habits measure was not significantly associated with health care costs or utilization. CONCLUSIONS: Results indicate that health risks, particularly obesity, stress, and general lifestyle, are significant predictors of health care costs and utilization in employed young adults.<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0890-1171",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}