@article{ref1,
title="Detection of Propensity for Aggression based on Facial Structure Irrespective of Face Race",
journal="Evolution and human behavior",
year="2012",
author="Short, Lindsey A. and Mondloch, Catherine J. and McCormick, Cheryl M. and Carré, Justin M. and Ma, Ruqian and Fu, Genyue and Lee, Kang",
volume="33",
number="2",
pages="121-129",
abstract="The human face provides a wealth of information pertaining to the internal state and life-stage history of an individual. Facial width-to-height ratio is a size-independent sexually dimorphic trait, and estimates of aggression made by untrained adults judging own-race faces were positively associated with both facial width-to-height ratio and actual aggressive behavior. Given the significant adaptive value of accurately detecting aggressiveness based on facial appearance, we hypothesized that aggression estimates made by adults and 8-year-olds would be highly correlated with male facial width-to-height ratio even for a face category with which they had minimal experience-other-race faces. For each of the four race and age groups, estimates of aggression were positively correlated with facial width-to-height ratio irrespective of rating own-or other-race faces. Overall, the correlations between facial width-to-height ratio and ratings of aggression were stronger for adults than for children. Sensitivity to facial width-to-height ratio appears to be part of an evolved mechanism designed to detect threats in the external environment. This mechanism is likely broadly tuned and functions independently of experience.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1090-5138",
doi="10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2011.07.002",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2011.07.002"
}