@article{ref1,
title=""Things that went well -- No serious injuries or deaths": Ethical reasoning in a normal engineering design process",
journal="Science and engineering ethics",
year="2003",
author="Lloyd, Peter and Busby, Jerry",
volume="9",
number="4",
pages="503-516",
abstract="We argue that considering only a few 'big' ethical decisions in any engineering design process -- both in education and practice -- only reinforces the mistaken idea of engineering design as a series of independent sub-problems. Using data collected in engineering design organisations over a seven year period, we show how an ethical component to engineering decisions is much more pervasive. We distinguish three types of ethical justification for engineering decisions: (1) consequential, (2) deontological or non-consequential, and (3) virtue-based. We find that although there is some evidence for engineering designers as 'classic' consequentialists, a more egocentric consequentialism would appear more fitting. We also explain how the idea of a 'folk ethics' -- a justification in the second category that consciously weighs one thing with another -- fits with the idea of the engineering design process as social negotiation rather than as technological progress.<p />",
language="",
issn="1353-3452",
doi="10.1007/s11948-003-0047-4",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11948-003-0047-4"
}