@article{ref1,
title="Case report: whiplash-associated disorder from a low-velocity bumper car collision: history, evaluation, and surgery",
journal="Spine",
year="2004",
author="Nystrom, N. Ake and Gold, Kurt V. and DeJong, Stacey and Stuberg, Wayne and Duffy, Michael F.",
volume="29",
number="17",
pages="1881-1884",
abstract="STUDY DESIGN: Case report of a patient with a whiplash-associated disorder following a bumper car collision. Imaging studies failed to provide an anatomic explanation for the debilitating symptoms. OBJECTIVES: To report a chronic, debilitating pain syndrome after a low-velocity bumper car collision while using complex range-of-motion data for the diagnosis, prognosis, and surgical indication in whiplash-associated disorder. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: The controversy of whiplash-associated disorder mainly concerns pathophysiology and collision dynamics. Although many investigations attempt to define a universal lesion or determine a threshold of force that may cause permanent injury, no consensus has been reached. METHODS: Eight years after a low-velocity collision, the patient underwent surgical excision of multiple painful trigger points in the posterior neck. Computerized motion analysis was used for pre- and postoperative evaluations. RESULTS: Surgical treatment resulted in an increase in total active range of motion by 20%, reduced intake of pain medication, doubled the number of work hours, and generally led to a dramatic improvement in quality of life. CONCLUSIONS: This case of whiplash-associated disorder after a low-velocity collision highlights the difficulty in defining threshold of injury in regard to velocity. It also illustrates the value of computerized motion analysis in confirming the diagnosis of whiplash-associated disorder and in the evaluation of prognosis and treatment.<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0362-2436",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}