@article{ref1,
title="Study on discrimination between primary and secondary molten marks using carbonized residue",
journal="Fire safety journal",
year="2002",
author="Lee, EP and Ohtani, Hideo and Matsubara, Yuri and Seki, Tadahiko and Hasegawa, Hiroshi and Imada, S and Yashiro, I",
volume="37",
number="4",
pages="353-368",
abstract="In most places where a fire started, electric molten marks that may be the cause of the fire are found. Various methods have been studied for identifying these electric molten marks to be either the cause of a fire (a primary molten mark (PMM)) or one caused by the flames of the fire (a secondary molten mark (SMM)). Little was studied, however, on their identification using the carbonized residue remaining in the molten marks.In this study, therefore, it was examined whether it was possible to discriminate between the PMMs and SMMs by analyzing the crystal structure of the carbon in the carbonized residue, which came from PVC insulation, remaining in the primary and the SMMs.As a result, it has been found that PMMs contain both graphitized carbon and amorphous carbon, whereas SMMs only contain amorphous carbon.<p />",
language="",
issn="0379-7112",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}