@article{ref1,
title="Environmental risk factors for REM sleep behavior disorder: A multicenter case-control study",
journal="Neurology",
year="2012",
author="Postuma, R. B. and Montplaisir, J. Y. and Pelletier, A. and Dauvilliers, Yves and Oertel, W. and Iranzo, A. and Ferini-Strambi, Luigi and Arnulf, I. and Hogl, B. and Manni, R. and Miyamoto, T. and Mayer, G. and Stiasny-Kolster, K. and Puligheddu, M. and Ju, Y. and Jennum, P. and Sonka, K. and Santamaria, J. and Fantini, M. L. and Zucconi, M. and Leu-Semenescu, S. and Frauscher, B. and Terzaghi, M. and Miyamoto, M. and Unger, M. M. and Cochen De Cock, V. and Wolfson, C.",
volume="79",
number="5",
pages="428-434",
abstract="OBJECTIVE:Idiopathic REM sleep behavior disorder is a parasomnia characterized by dream enactment and is commonly a prediagnostic sign of parkinsonism and dementia. Since risk factors have not been defined, we initiated a multicenter case-control study to assess environmental and lifestyle risk factors for REM sleep behavior disorder. METHODS:Cases were patients with idiopathic REM sleep behavior disorder who were free of dementia and parkinsonism, recruited from 13 International REM Sleep Behavior Disorder Study Group centers. Controls were matched according to age and sex. Potential environmental and lifestyle risk factors were assessed via standardized questionnaire. Unconditional logistic regression adjusting for age, sex, and center was conducted to investigate the environmental factors. RESULTS:A total of 694 participants (347 patients, 347 controls) were recruited. Among cases, mean age was 67.7 ± 9.6 years and 81.0% were male. Cases were more likely to smoke (ever smokers = 64.0% vs 55.5%, adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 1.43, p = 0.028). Caffeine and alcohol use were not different between cases and controls. Cases were more likely to report previous head injury (19.3% vs 12.7%, OR = 1.59, p = 0.037). Cases had fewer years of formal schooling (11.1 ± 4.4 years vs 12.7 ± 4.3, p < 0.001), and were more likely to report having worked as farmers (19.7% vs 12.5% OR = 1.67, p = 0.022) with borderline increase in welding (17.8% vs 12.1%, OR = 1.53, p = 0.063). Previous occupational pesticide exposure was more prevalent in cases than controls (11.8% vs 6.1%, OR = 2.16, p = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS: Smoking, head injury, pesticide exposure, and farming are potential risk factors for idiopathic REM sleep behavior disorder.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0028-3878",
doi="10.1212/WNL.0b013e31825dd383",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0b013e31825dd383"
}