@article{ref1,
title="Risk of head, facial and neck injury in bicycle and motorcycle crashes in relation to helmet use",
journal="Proceedings of the Australasian road safety research, policing and education conference",
year="2009",
author="McIntosh, A. S. and Schilter, E. and Curtis, K. and Rankin, T. and Thai, K. T. and Pang, T. Y.",
volume="13",
number="",
pages="-",
abstract="A retrospective study was undertaken at a major trauma centre in Sydney to examine the general profile of injuries and the risk of head, facial and neck injury with helmet use. The results of a sample of 214 casualties collected over a 12 month period showed that sixty (28 per cent) riders sustained a head, face and neck injury, with 59 (27.6 per cent) having suffered concussion. Of the 214 casualties, 21 per cent of riders did not wear a helmet at the time of the crash. Wearing a helmet significantly lowered the risk of head, facial and neck injuries. Attempt was made to examine whether injury reduction was the same across all levels of impact by controlling the levels of injury severity. The logistic regression analysis only showed that helmet use significantly lowered the risk of minor to moderate head trauma. This study is part of a major prospective crash investigation study examining the performance of current bicycle and motorcycle helmets.<p />",
language="en",
issn="",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}