@article{ref1,
title="A self-coördinating bus route to resist bus bunching",
journal="Transportation research part B: methodological",
year="2012",
author="Bartholdi, John J. and Eisenstein, Donald D.",
volume="46",
number="4",
pages="481-491",
abstract="The primary challenge for an urban bus system is to maintain constant headways between successive buses. Most bus systems try to achieve this by adherence to a schedule; but this is undermined by the tendency of headways to collapse, so that buses travel in bunches. To counter this, we propose a new method of coördinating buses. Our method abandons the idea of a schedule and even any a priori target headway. Under our scheme headways are dynamically self-equalizing and the natural headway of the system tends to emerge spontaneously. Headways also become self-correcting in that after disturbances they reëqualize without intervention by management or even awareness of the drivers.  We report on a successful implementation to control a bus route in Atlanta.<p />",
language="en",
issn="0191-2615",
doi="10.1016/j.trb.2011.11.001",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trb.2011.11.001"
}