@article{ref1,
title="Cyanide poisoning by fire smoke inhalation: an European expert consensus",
journal="European journal of emergency medicine",
year="2013",
author="Anseeuw, Kurt and Delvau, Nicolas and Burillo-Putze, Guillermo and De Iaco, Fabio and Geldner, Götz and Holmström, Peter and Lambert, Yves and Sabbe, Marc",
volume="20",
number="1",
pages="2-9",
abstract="Smoke inhalation is a common cause of cyanide poisoning during fires, resulting in injury and even death. In many cases of smoke inhalation, cyanide has increasingly been recognized as a significant toxicant. The diagnosis of cyanide poisoning remains very difficult, and failure to recognize it may result in inadequate or inappropriate treatment. Findings suggesting cyanide toxicity include the following: (a) a history of enclosed-space fire; (b) any alteration in the level of consciousness; (c) any cardiovascular changes (particularly inexplicable hypotension); and (d) elevated plasma lactate. The feasibility and safety of empiric treatment with hydroxocobalamin for fire smoke victims have been reported in the literature. On the basis of a literature review and a panel discussion, a group of European experts has proposed emergency management protocols for cyanide toxicity in fire smoke victims.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0969-9546",
doi="10.1097/MEJ.0b013e328357170b",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/MEJ.0b013e328357170b"
}