@article{ref1,
title="Immune cytokine response in combat casualties: blast or explosive trauma with or without secondary sepsis",
journal="Military medicine",
year="2007",
author="Surbatovic, Maja and Filipovic, Nikola and Radakovic, Sonja S. and Stankovic, Nebojsa and Slavkovic, Zoran",
volume="172",
number="2",
pages="190-195",
abstract="The aim of this study was to assess the prognostic value of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha, interleukin (IL)-8, IL-4, and IL-10 in combat casualties. Fifty-six casualties with severe trauma (blast and explosive) who developed sepsis and 20 casualties with the same severity of trauma without sepsis were enrolled in this study. Fifty-five casualties developed multiple organ dysfunction syndrome; 36 died. Blood was drawn on the first day of trauma. Concentrations of IL-8, TNF-alpha, IL-4, and IL-10 were determined in plasma using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Mean values of IL-8 were 230-fold, IL-10 were 42-fold, and TNF-alpha were 17-fold higher in trauma and sepsis group (p < 0.01). Mean values of IL-8 were 60-fold, TNF-alpha were 43.5-fold, and IL-10 were 70-fold higher in the multiple organ dysfunction syndrome group (p < 0.01). Mean values of IL-8 were 2.3-fold and IL-10 were 1.4-fold higher in nonsurvivors and TNF-alpha were 2.2-fold higher in survivors (p < 0.01). IL-4 had no significance as a predictor of severity and outcome.<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0026-4075",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}