@article{ref1,
title="Traumatic injury to the trachea and bronchus",
journal="Thoracic surgery clinics",
year="2007",
author="Karmy-Jones, Riyad and Wood, Douglas E.",
volume="17",
number="1",
pages="35-46",
abstract="Tracheobronchial injuries are relatively uncommon, often require a degree of clinical suspicion to make the diagnosis, and usually require immediate management. The primary initial goals are twofold: stabilize the airway and define the extent and location of injury. These are often facilitated by flexible bronchoscopy, in the hands of a surgeon capable of managing these injuries. Most penetrating injuries occur in the cervical area. Most blunt injuries occur in the distal trachea or right mainstem, and are best approached by a right posterolateral thoracotomy. Choice and timing of approach are dictated by the presence and severity of associated injuries. The mainstay of intraoperative management remains a single-lumen endotracheal tube. Most injuries can be repaired by simple techniques, using interrupted sutures, but some require complex reconstructive techniques. Follow-up to detect stenosis or anastomotic technique is important, as is attention to pulmonary toilet.<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1547-4127",
doi="10.1016/j.thorsurg.2007.03.005",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.thorsurg.2007.03.005"
}