@article{ref1,
title="The discrimination of graphical elements",
journal="Applied cognitive psychology",
year="2001",
author="Hollands, J. G. and Spence, Ian",
volume="15",
number="4",
pages="413-431",
abstract="A model is proposed to account for how people discriminate quantities shown in pie charts and divided bar graphs (i.e. which proportion is larger, A or B?). The incremental estimation model assumes that an observer sequentially samples from the available perceptual features in a graph. The relative effectiveness of sampled perceptual features is represented by the spread of probability distributions, in the manner of signal detection theory. The model's predictions were tested in two experiments. Participants took longer with pies than divided bars and longer with non-aligned than aligned proportions in Experiment 1. In Experiment 2, participants took longer with divided bars than pies when graphs were of unequal size. Generally, graphical formats producing longer response times incurred a greater time penalty when the difference between proportions was reduced. These results were in accordance with the model's predictions. Implications for graphical display design are discussed. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0888-4080",
doi="10.1002/acp.714",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/acp.714"
}