@article{ref1,
title="The association between cognitive impairment and neuropsychiatric symptoms in patients with Parkinson's disease dementia",
journal="International psychogeriatrics / IPA",
year="2012",
author="Lee, Wei-Ju and Tsai, Chia-Fen and Gauthier, Serge and Wang, Shuu-Jiun and Fuh, Jong-Ling",
volume="24",
number="12",
pages="1980-1987",
abstract="Background: Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) are common in patients with dementia associated with Parkinson's disease (PDD). The relationship between cognition and NPS in PDD has not been well studied. Methods: Patients diagnosed with PDD were assessed for cognitive function and NPS. The instruments used were the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI), Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), and semantic verbal fluency according to the recommendation of the Movement Disorder Society Task Force. Results: We evaluated 127 PDD patients (76 males/51 females; mean age 77 ± 6.3 years). Their mean MMSE score was 17 ± 6.5 and the mean NPI score was 19 ± 20.4. The most prevalent NPI items were anxiety (57.5%), sleep problems (53.5%), and apathy (52.0%). Principal component factor analysis revealed that 12 items formed three factors, namely &quot;mood and psychosis&quot; (delusion, hallucination, agitation, depression, anxiety, apathy, and irritability), &quot;vegetative&quot; (sleep and appetite problems), and &quot;frontal&quot; (euphoria, disinhibition, and aberrant motor behavior). Symptoms of hallucination were significantly associated with MMSE score, even after controlling for the confounding variables. Conclusion: NPS are common and diverse among patients with PDD. Three specific subgroups of NPS were identified. Hallucination was significantly correlated with cognitive impairment, and could be a predictor of cognition in PDD patients.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1041-6102",
doi="10.1017/S1041610212001317",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1041610212001317"
}