@article{ref1,
title="Penetrating head trauma with four nails: an extremely rare case",
journal="Ulusal travma ve acil cerrahi dergisi",
year="2012",
author="Arıcı, Lutfü and Akgün, Bekir and Kaplan, Metin and Yılmaz, Ilhan",
volume="18",
number="3",
pages="265-267",
abstract="We present a rare case of self-inflicted penetrating head trauma by a 34-year-old male who hammered four nails into his own head; he had been diagnosed with schizophrenia seven years before. On the physical examination, four nails were observed in the hairy scalp that had been driven into the cranium in the right temporal and parietal areas of the head. No cerebrospinal fluid fistulas were present. On the neurological examination, no motor or sensory deficits were present. The Glasgow Coma Scale was 15. On direct skull X-ray and cranial computerized tomography (CT), the nails were seen to be approximately 10 cm long and extending in various directions. No injury was observed in the main vasculature on CT angiography. Under general anesthesia, two nails in the right temporal area were removed by extraction, and the other two nails in the right parietal area were removed through a mini craniotomy. In areas such as the temporal area where the bone is thin, nails can be removed by extraction. However, in areas like the parietal bone where the bone is thick, removal of the nails using this method may not always be possible.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1306-696X",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}