@article{ref1,
title="Depression and the melancholic temperament",
journal="European journal of personality",
year="1995",
author="Clark, Lee Anna and Watson, Duncan",
volume="9",
number="5",
pages="351-366",
abstract="We examine how depression relates to two broad affective dispositions which we call 'Negative Temperament' and 'Positive Temperament'. Depressed individuals characteristically display a particular combination of these traits (high Negative/low Positive Temperament), which also defines the traditional 'melancholic' type. Other evidence, however, suggests that this pattern is not unique to depression, but may also characterize other types of disorder: high Negative Temperament, in particular, appears to be nonsignificantly associated with distress-based psychopathology. Finally, we review data indicating that the etiology of these relations is highly complex. Specifically, it appears that (i) temperament influences the development and course of depression; (ii) depressive episodes can lead to significant changes in temperament, some of which may be permanent; and (iii) temperament and depression may reflect, in part, a common genetic diathesis.<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0890-2070",
doi="10.1002/per.2410090505",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.2410090505"
}