@article{ref1,
title="Comparison of random and postaccident urine drug tests in southern Indiana coal miners",
journal="Journal of addiction medicine",
year="2012",
author="Price, James W.",
volume="6",
number="4",
pages="253-257",
abstract="BACKGROUND:: This study examines the relationship between the use of 9 classes of substances (amphetamines, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, cocaine, marijuana, methadone, opioids, phencyclidine, and propoxyphene) and coal-mining accidents. METHODS:: The control sample (n = 215) made up of miners that presented for random urine drug testing. The study sample (n = 100) consists of miners that presented for postaccident urine drug testing. Nonparametric Mann-Whitney U tests of creatinine normalized urine drug levels were conducted to compare the medians of the groups. RESULTS:: The mean drug concentrations were higher in the postaccident group for each drug tested except marijuana. Two-tailed testing demonstrated statistically significant differences for marijuana (P = 0.000), cocaine (P = 0.008), and opiates (P = 0.037). CONCLUSIONS:: The study demonstrates statistically significant higher cocaine and opioid concentrations and lower marijuana concentrations in postaccident urine drug tests of coal miners when compared with random tests.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1932-0620",
doi="10.1097/ADM.0b013e318266a8d5",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ADM.0b013e318266a8d5"
}