@article{ref1,
title="A 10-year review of assault-related open-globe injuries at an urban hospital",
journal="Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology",
year="2013",
author="Bauza, Alain M. and Emami, Parisa and Soni, Nishant and Holland, Bart K. and Langer, Paul and Zarbin, Marco and Bhagat, Neelakshi",
volume="251",
number="3",
pages="653-659",
abstract="BACKGROUND: To describe the demographics and outcomes of assault-related open-globe injuries (OGI) at University Hospital (UH), Newark, New Jersey over a ten-year period. METHODS: The medical records of all subjects presenting to a single university referral center with an OGI were retrospectively analyzed to identify prognostic factors for enucleation and final visual acuity (VA) of no light perception (NLP). RESULTS: One hundred and forty-eight eyes of 147 patients presented to UH with assault-related OGI. Eighty-two percent of patients were male, and the mean age was 35.9 years. The anatomic site of the wound was zone 3 in the majority (54.1 %) of eyes. Most common type of injury noted was rupture (57.4 %), followed by penetrating injury (35.1 %). Mean initial presenting and final VA in LogMAR were 2.38 ± 0.12 and 2.18 ± 0.16 respectively. Initial Snellen VA was no light perception (NLP) in 57 eyes (38.5 %); four eyes had an initial VA of ≥20/40 (2.7 %). Final VA was NLP in 68 eyes (45.9 %) of which 46 were enucleated (31.1 %); 18 eyes (12.2 %) had a final VA of ≥20/40. Fifty eyes (33.8 %) underwent pars plana vitrectomy (PPV). Significant risk factors of final VA of NLP or enucleation included initial VA of NLP, perforating or rupture type of OGI, and zone 3 injury. Eyes that sustained penetrating injuries were less likely to have final VA of NLP or require enucleation. CONCLUSIONS: Assault-related OGIs carry an extremely poor visual prognosis and a high rate of enucleations. Only eighteen eyes (12.2 %) recovered VA ≥20/40. We found initial VA of NLP and zone 3 injury to be significant predictors of final VA of NLP or undergoing enucleation. Penetrating injuries were less likely to have a final VA of NLP or an enucleation.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0721-832X",
doi="10.1007/s00417-012-2136-z",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00417-012-2136-z"
}